Reaction mechanism of direct electro-reduction of titanium dioxide in molten calcium chloride

The reaction mechanism of electroreduction of TiO2 in molten CaCl2 was studied by various electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and ac impedance techniques in a temperature range of 1073–1133 K. The reduction reaction of TiO2 was found to be a two-step process: TiO2 is reduced to the intermediate product TiO, and then reduced to pure Ti.