Laboratory tests and numerical modelling of strength-deformation parameters of a shotcrete lining

This article describes the procedure for and results of tests of the strength-deformation parameters of unreinforced shotcrete conducted at the Central Mining Institute of Poland. The methodology of the laboratory tests and the results are presented in the form of a series of loading forces and deformations of a layer of shotcrete over time. The tests results show a strong influence of adhesion between shotcrete and rock. Numerical models were used to assess the behaviour of shotcrete-rock composite behaviour based on laboratory tests.