Surface segregation measurements via the linear programmed heating method: Part B — Experiment and results

The experimental results of a linear programmed heating (LPH) study undertaken on three low-index surfaces of a copper single crystal doped with 0.1% tin are reported in this paper. The experimental set-up is discussed in detail and attention is focused on the temperature measurement and the analysis of the data in particular. The advantages of the linear programmed heating method in practice are highlighted and the relative merits of linear heating and segregation measurements at constant temperatures are discussed. It is shown how a hierarchy of fit methods can lead to an unambiguous fit of the segregation data, leading to the following segregation values of Sn to the three low-index surfaces: D(100)=0.014 exp(−203 kJ mol−1/RT), D(111)=0.153 exp(−234 kJ mol−1/RT), D(110)=0.003 exp(−205 kJ mol−1/RT) and ΔG(100)=63 kJ mol−1, ΔG(111)=78 kJ mol−1, ΔG(110)=72 kJ mol−1. Several improvements to the experimental set-up are also proposed.