Corrections for matrix effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis—A tutorial

This paper presents the basic concepts of the mathematical correction for matrix effects in X-ray fluorescence analysis. The emphasis is placed on the correction factor for matrix effects and its quantification. This correction factor is calculated using mathematical models proposed by Lachance–Traill, Claisse–Quintin and Rousseau, which can be applied in practice via an efficient calibration procedure. Each variable in these models is clearly identified so that specific numerical values can easily be substituted for calculation. This paper describes and emphasizes the application of the most effective existing models.