One-dimensional chain structures produced by Ce on Si(1 1 1)

We used variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy to investigate two types of Ce-induced 5 × 2 structures reconstructed on Si(1 1 1) at coverages of 0.5 ML (low) and 3.0 ML (high) after annealing at 600 °C. At both Ce coverages, one-dimensional atomic chains formed upon Ce deposition on Si(1 1 1). The atomic densities of Ce in the one-dimensional chains varied with Ce deposition coverage. Based on the scanning tunneling microscopy images, we suggest two structural models of the one-dimensional Ce atomic chains.