Inter-particle heat transfer in a riser of gas–solid turbulent flows

Effects of the particle–particle heat transfer in a gas–solid turbulent flow in a riser were evaluated. An Eulerian/Lagrangian four-way interaction formulation including the particle collisions in conjunction with the k − τ and the kθ − τθ model equations were used in the numerical simulation. Inter-particles and particle–wall interactions were accounted for with an inelastic collision model, where the restitution coefficient was evaluated for each collision. The special case when the flow initially contains two groups of hot and cold particles was treated in details. Particular attention was given to the nature of heat transfer to particles due to inter-particle interactions. The results showed that the effect of particle–particle heat transfer was more significant for smaller sizes, lower flow Reynolds numbers, and for higher loading ratios. Solid thermal properties, however, did not have a noticeable effect on the inter-particle heat transfer. The simulation results indicates that although the heat transferred to each group of hot and cold particles was significant, the mean values of gas and particle temperatures and suspension heat transfer was insensitive to the inter-particle heat transfer.