The preparation of smooth Au(1 1 0) and Cu(1 1 0) surfaces for biomolecular adsorption

We report a method for the preparation of smooth Au(1 1 0) and Cu(1 1 0) surfaces which are suitable substrates for probe microscopy imaging of adsorbed biomolecules. Well-ordered surfaces were prepared in ultra-high vacuum conditions and then exposed to ambient air to evaluate the robustness of the surface morphology. The changes in surface morphology that occur as a result of exposure to air are investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy. These surface-sensitive probes can operate in ambient and liquid environments and are well suited to investigations of biomolecular adsorption.