Flow behaviors of a large spout-fluid bed at high pressure and temperature by 3D simulation with kinetic theory of granular flow

Flow behaviors of a large spout-fluid bed (I.D. 1.0 m) at high pressure and temperature were investigated by Eulerian simulation. The gas phase was modeled with k − ε turbulent model and the particle phase was modeled with kinetic theory of granular flow. The development of an internal jet, gas–solid flow patterns, particle concentrations, particle velocities and jet penetration depths at high pressure and temperature at different operating conditions were simulated. The results show that the bed operated at an initial bed height larger than the maximum spoutable bed height resembles the flow patterns of jetting fluidized beds. The radial profiles of particle velocities and concentrations at high temperature and pressure have the similar characteristic shapes to those at ambient pressure and temperature. The particle concentrations and velocities appear to depend on the bed heights when increasing pressure while keeping the gas velocities and temperature constant. The particle velocities in the lower region of the bed increase with increasing pressure, while they tend to decrease in the middle and upper regions of the bed. The particle concentrations have an opposite dependency with increasing pressure. They decrease in the lower region of the bed but increase in the middle and upper regions of the bed. Besides, the jet penetration depths are found to increase with increasing pressure.