Numerical simulation and validation of dilute turbulent gas–particle flow with inelastic collisions and turbulence modulation

This work describes a theoretical and numerical study of turbulent gas–particle flows in the Eulerian framework. The equations describing the flow are derived employing Favre averaging. The closures required for the equations describing the particulate phase are derived from the kinetic theory of granular flow. The kinetic theory proposed originally is extended to incorporate the effects of the continuous fluid on the particulate phase behavior. Models describing the coupling between the continuous phase kinetic energy and particulate phase granular temperature are derived, discussed, and their effect on the flow predictions is shown. rived models are validated with benchmark experimental results of a fully developed turbulent gas–solid flow in a vertical pipe. The effect of the models describing the influence of turbulence on the particle motion as well as the turbulence modulation due to the presence of particles is analyzed and discussed.