Initial oxidation of Ni(1 1 1) observed by electron emission microscopy: PEEM and MEEM

The initial oxidation of Ni(1 1 1) in the temperature range of 550–700 K has been monitored by photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and metastable-atom electron emission microscopy (MEEM). The PEEM and MEEM images show uniform patterns for the chemisorbed overlayer, reflecting the electronic homogeneity as seen at the μm scale. During the nucleation and lateral growth of oxide, however, the μm-scale pattern due to the formation of oxide domains appears and its evolution depends strongly on the substrate temperature and dose pressure of gaseous O2. Our data indicate that the high-temperature oxidation is regarded as a successive multi-nucleation process in a reaction-diffusion field.