Characterization method of average gas–solid drag for regular and irregular particle groups

The shape and size of particles have a major effect on the fluidization behavior of the particles through the drag force from the fluid phase. Several methods to estimate the particle size exist, but without the consideration of the particle shape of irregular particles these methods can produce varying results. The particle shape can be described in numerous ways, but currently no method can successfully describe irregular particles without ambiguity. Many computational models consider all particles as monodisperse perfect spheres, although the real particles often have size and shape distribution. Especially for biomass materials these distributions are usually wide. Disregarding this in modeling might lead to inaccurate results. Another way to describe material drag force is through experimental testing and without detailed knowledge about the material particle size and shape distribution. This paper describes a characterization method of an average drag force between gas and different materials. Material sizes and shapes are defined with optical measurements and the averaged values are combined with the characterization method for comparison with standard drag curves of single particles.