Role of thermal processes in dewetting of epitaxial Ag(111) film on Si(111)

Epitaxially grown silver (Ag) film on silicon (Si) is an optimal plasmonic device platform, but its technological utility has been limited by its tendency to dewet rapidly under ambient conditions (standard temperature and pressure). The mechanisms driving this dewetting have not heretofore been determined. In this study, scanning probe microscopy and low-energy electron microscopy are used to compare the morphological evolution of epitaxial Ag(111)/Si(111) under ambient conditions with that of similarly prepared films heated under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Dewetting in both cases is seen to be initiated with the formation of pinholes, which might function to relieve strain in the film. We find that in the UHV environment, dewetting is determined by thermal processes, while under ambient conditions, thermal processes are not required. We conclude that dewetting in ambient conditions is triggered by some chemical process, most likely oxidation.