Hydrogels of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) synthesized by photoinduced crosslinking of homopolymers

A novel method of covalent crosslinking between polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) resulting in hydrogels has been developed. The hydrogels were formed by photocrosslinking in oxygen-free aqueous solutions containing hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals. The crosslinking was achieved via irradiation within the broad wavelength range from 200 to 800 nm, as well as by the light cut-off at λ > 300 nm. The obtained PAA–PVP gels were sensitive to pH. Protonation of the PAA carboxylic groups with decreasing pH promoted hydrogen bonding between the PAA and PVP segments within the crosslinked structure and caused the gel to collapse. This property enabled the use of the hydrogels as a simple chemical sensor. When loaded with glucose oxidase, the PAA–PVP gelʹs opacity and sedimentation due to the clearly observable phase separation were triggered by the presence of glucose due to a drop in pH caused by the enzymatic reaction.