Natural time analysis of critical phenomena: The case of acoustic emissions in triaxially deformed Etna basalt

Acoustic emissions exhibit complex correlations between space, time, and magnitude. As such, they present a unique example for a complex time series. We apply the recently introduced method of natural time analysis, which enables the detection of long-range temporal correlations even in the presence of heavy tails and find that the acoustic emissions exhibits features similar to that of other equilibrium or non-equilibrium critical systems such as worldwide seismicity as presented in the Centennial earthquake catalogue which includes global seismicity events with magnitude M w > 7.0 . These results support the universal behaviour of the fracturing processes from the laboratory to the global scale.