Simulation study of traffic car accidents in single-lane highway

In this paper we numerically study the probability P ac of the occurrence of car accidents in the extended Nagel–Schreckenberg (NS) model in the case of mixture of fast ( V max1 = 5 ) and slow vehicles ( V max2 = 1 ) by taking also to the risky overtaking of fast vehicles. In comparison with previous existing models, we find that accidents can occur in the free traffic phase and/or congested one depending on the overtaking rate of fast vehicles. The effect of evacuation of damaged vehicles from the road with probabilities P evf and P evs of fast and slow vehicles respectively on the traffic flow behavior is also computed.