Anticipation effect in pedestrian dynamics: Modeling and experiments

In this paper, we propose the anticipation floor field (AFF) as an extension of the floor field (FF) model, which is one of the successful models in describing pedestrian dynamics. The AFF focuses on non-local interaction between pedestrians, which has not been taken into account in the FF model based on local rules. We have conducted several experiments, as well as simulations of counter flow to show the validity of our model. It is found that strength and range of anticipation significantly affect pedestrian dynamics, and there is an optimal strength of anticipation to realize the smoothest counter flow.