Finite element analysis of a four-unit all-ceramic fixed partial denture

All-ceramic restorations are known to be prone to brittle fracture. However, a previously performed in vitro study indicates that four-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) with a zirconia framework are sufficiently strong to withstand occlusal forces in the posterior region. The aim of this study was to determine the stress distribution in such a four-unit FPD made of yttria-stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP), under an occlusal load. A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed and a stress analysis performed with a force of 1630 N applied at the centre of the middle connector area. The location of maximum tensile stress according to finite element analysis coincided with the fracture origin of all 10 specimens fractured within the previous in vitro study. The maximum tensile stress in the area of the middle connector amounted to 633 MPa. It increased with the load being applied from the oral towards the buccal side (648 MPa) and decreased with the load being applied from the buccal towards the oral side (570 MPa). These stresses are of the same order as the flexural strength of Y-TZP, determined under standardized test conditions to be 600–1000 MPa. The model presented is intended to be used for further investigations, including thermally induced stresses during veneering.