Long-time aging in 3 mol.% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals at human body temperature

We present new findings on the low-temperature degradation of yttria-stabilized zirconia at 37 °C over several years and at high and low partial pressures of water. With the aid of focused ion beam cross-section confirmation studies we are able to show an extensive linear, continuous degradation without retardation, even at low temperatures and low water pressures. The characteristic layer growth and its inferred rate constant imply a lifetime of tens of years under simple tension and open the possibility of studying the longevity of these ceramics more rigorously. In addition, we show reproducibility complications of accelerated aging tests by the use of different autoclaves and possible implications for standardized procedures.