Surgery Casualties: Do Not Leave Hearts Behind Enemy Lines

Coronary spasm is an important and often overlooked etiology of chest pain. Although coronary spasm, or Prinzmetalʹs angina, has been thought of as benign, contemporary studies have shown serious associated adverse outcomes, including acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, and death. Definitive diagnosis of coronary spasm can at times be difficult, given the transience of symptoms. Numerous agents have been historically described for provocative testing. We provide a review of published data for the role of provocation testing in the diagnosis of coronary spasm.