Template-catalyst-free growth of single crystalline Bismuth nanorods by RF magnetron sputtering method

A new growth way for single crystalline Bismuth nanorod is proposed only by using radio frequency magnetron sputtering method, rather than by conventional methods with assistance of template or catalyst. Structural analysis demonstrates that single crystalline Bi nanorod with rhombohedral structure orients along [110] direction and that preferred oxidation direction on the surface of Bi nanorod is normal to {110} planes. The growth mechanism of Bi nanorod is also discussed. This is believed to be controlled by spiral growth through vapor–solid process.