Electron-nuclear double resonance study of ions in crystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are used to identify and characterize V 4+ ions in a bulk single crystal of vanadium dioxide (V O2). These S = 1 / 2 defects are observed in the as-grown crystal because an adjacent nonmagnetic M4+ impurity, e.g., a Si4+ ion, has destroyed the normal antiferromagnetic coupling associated with the close pairs of V 4+ ions that occur in the low-temperature monoclinic phase of V O2. EPR spectra taken near 5 K with the magnetic field along the [110] and [001] axes show resolved hyperfine patterns due to one 51V nucleus. ENDOR spectra taken at 5 K with the magnetic field parallel to the [001] axis have large nuclear electric quadrupole splittings as a result of a significant electric field gradient at the 51V nucleus. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters describing the electron Zeeman, hyperfine, and nuclear electric quadrupole interactions are reported.