Dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis scaling behavior of – bulk ceramics

Polarization–field (P–E) hysteresis loops of 40 BiSc O 3 – 60 PbTi O 3 bulk ceramics were measured under sinusoidal electric fields over a frequency range of 1 0 − 2 – 10 2 Hz and an amplitude range of 20–50 kV/cm. The scaling relations of the hysteresis loop area 〈 A 〉 versus the frequency f and amplitude E 0 of the applied field for the saturated loops take different forms in the low ( 0.01 Hz < f < 1 Hz ) and high ( 1 Hz < f < 100 Hz ) frequency ranges. From these two relations, it can be concluded that the 〈 A 〉 – f relationship is a power law increase in the low frequency range while in the high frequency range the relationship turns into a power law decrease.