Temperature rise and setting of β-TCP–MCPM bone cement containing dense β-TCP granules

In the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) derived bone cement, effect of the mixing ratio between β-TCP and monocalcium monophophate (T:M) was studied using dense and round β-TCP granules. Particular attention was made on setting time and temperature rise during hardening. The properties of bone cement were strongly influenced by the amount of binder phase. Powdery β-TCP cement exhibited the fastest setting and the highest temperature rise at the T:M close to the stoichiometry. On the contrary, the condition for maximizing binder phase was shifted toward TCP rich side in granular cement. The peak temperature during setting was drastically decreased from 19 to 4 °C with the use of granular β-TCP, suggesting a compatible carrier applicable even with heat sensitive drugs.