Estimation of the Gibbs free energy of transfer of electrolytes from aqueous to organic solvents – a novel application of the quadratic activation–driving force relationship

The Gibbs free energy of transfer of electrolytes from a reference solvent to the target solvent has been presented employing the Marcus–Saveant quadratic activation–diving force relationship. The electroreduction of carbon tetrachloride has been used as the probe reaction in 12 organic solvents, in which the parabolic variation of logarithmic heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant with potential has been observed in eight solvents. Using the standard electrode potentials for the reduction of carbon tetrachloride, the standard free energies of transfer of silver chloride from water to eight solvents have been estimated.