Applying the Taguchi method to the optimization for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by hydrolysis of TEOT in micelles

A statistical experimental design method (Taguchi method with L8 orthogonal array robust design) was implemented to optimize experimental conditions for the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles using W/O type microemulsion-mediated method. Particle size and particle size distribution were considered as the properties. R (H2O/surfactant) value, h (H2O/TEOT) value, ammonia concentration, feed rate, and reaction temperature were chosen as significant parameters. As the result of Taguchi analysis in this study, R value and feed rate were the most influencing parameters on the particle size and particle size distribution. Ammonia concentration also had principal effect on particle size distribution. The optimal conditions were determined using Taguchi method. Consequently, nano-sized TiO2 particles with particle size in the range of 10–20 nm have been synthesized. TiO2 particles prepared in this condition were collected as amorphous powder, and converted to anatase phase at 600 °C and further to the stable rutile phase at 900 °C.