Diffusion pathways of sodium and cesium ions in the particles of titanium(IV) antimonate

The kinetics and the consequent self-diffusion of Na+ and Cs+ ions inside titanium(IV) antimonate have been studied during their removal from the waste streams at three different reaction temperatures, namely, 25 ± 1, 45 ± 1, and 60 ± 1 °C. The diffusion coefficients have been determined using Patersonʹs approximation, so that particle diffusion route was favoured. In this concern, the activation energies, entropies and free energies of activation were calculated and correlated to the transport of alkali metal ions in titanium(IV) antimonate as cation exchanger.