Vascular endothelial cell monolayer formed on membrane filter potentiates the defense against tumor cell invasion by treatment with brefeldin A

We constructed vascular endothelial cell monolayer on a fibronectin-coated filter in a Boyden chamber and assessed the ability of 3 LL cells to penetrate through the artificial blood vessel wall. The defense of endothelial cell monolayers against the tumor cell invasion was greatly potentiated by their pretreatment with 5 or 10 μg/ml of brefeldin A (BFA) for 1 h (52% or 28% of control invasion). Treatment of the endothelial cell monolayers with BFA resulted in an increase in the release of inhibitory material(s) against urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) activity of 3 LL cells. Parallel experiments with the cultured endothelial cells and BFA indicated that the fungal metabolite enhanced a rate of accumulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, but not of tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen in the medium. The BFA-induced enhancement of PAI-1 release was accompanied with the increased accumulation of the extracellular (membrane/matrix-bound) and intracellular PAI-1 antigen (219% of control at 24 h). These results suggest that BFA can strengthen the defense of vascular endothelium against tumor cell invasion by enhancing the release and accumulation of PAI-1, which plays a critical role in the regulation of the u-PA-plasmin-collagenase activation cascade.