Hardness and youngʹs modulus of human peritubular and intertubular dentine

A specially modified atomic-force microscope was used to measure the hardness of fully hydrated peritubular and intertubular dentine at two locations within unerupted human third molars: within 1 mm of the dentine-enamel junction and within 1 mm of the pulp. The hardness of fully hydrated peritubular dentine was independent of location, and ranged from 2.23 to 2.54 GPa. The hardness of fully hydrated intertubular dentine did depend upon location, and was significantly greater near the dentine-enamel junction (values ranged from 0.49 to 0.52 GPa) than near the pulp (0.12–0.18 GPa). A Nanoindenter was used to estimate the Youngʹs modulus of dehydrated peritubular and intertubular dentine from the unloading portion of the load displacement curve. The modulus values averaged 29.8 GPa for the peritubular dentine (considered to be a lower limit), and ranged from 17.7 to 21.1 GPa for the intertubular dentine, with the lower values obtained for dentine near the pulp.