Multi-reflection method and grazing incidence geometry used for stress measurement by X-ray diffraction

The X-ray diffraction measurement based on the grazing incidence geometry was applied to determine lattice strains in polycrystalline materials. The multi-reflection method was used for analysis of the experimental results since the interplanar spacings were measured for various orientations of the scattering vector as well as for various crystallographic planes {hkl}. Applying two different wavelengths of X-ray radiation and various incidence angles a non-destructive measurements of the residual stresses as a function of penetration depth were performed. The variation of stresses in plastically deformed surface layers of steel samples was successfully determined and the values of the stresses were confirmed by standard diffraction measurement.