The effects of dense carbon dioxide on nickel plating using emulsion of carbon dioxide in electroplating solution

This paper discusses the effects of dense carbon dioxide (CO2) on the nickel film obtained in an agitated ternary system of dense CO2 and an electroplating solution with a non-ionic surfactant. On the basis of the transport properties of dense CO2 and hexane discussed within, it was found that both the low viscosity of dense CO2 and its good miscibility with hydrogen play an important role for achieving the higher uniformity and a smoother surface formation of nickel film.