Fullerene dimers produced by acceleration and collision of C60 negative ions

Two fullerene plasmas are generated for mass production of fullerene dimers. The fullerene positive and negative ions are produced by electron impact ionization and attachment. The negative ions are accelerated and injected into the target plasma, and collide with the positive ions and/or neutral fullerenes, yielding the collisional product as a dimer C121. This direct production of dimers leads to the volume production and the fusion-type structure formation with strong linkage without catalysts or nonallotropic fullerene derivatives.