Investigation of wear behavior of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, on commercially pure titanium in vacuum conditions

The wear performances of titanium oxide films, produced by anodic oxidation, in vacuum conditions were investigated. Anodic oxidation treatments were carried out at − 3 and 40 °C temperatures using H2SO4(1.5 M)–H3PO4(0.3 M) solution and voltage of 200 V. Wear tests were performed at ambient air, pressures of 10− 3 mbar and 10− 6 mbar. Anodizing process produced a porous oxide layer on the surface. Although the pore size decreased with increasing process temperature, surface roughness decreased. Hardness results showed that anodic oxidation at lower temperatures produced oxide film with higher hardness. Wear rate of CP-Ti significantly decreased with anodic oxidation treatment in all wear conditions since oxide film acted like a solid lubricant. The best wear resistance was obtained from the hard-anodized samples both in ambient air and vacuum conditions.