Translocation (11;11)(p13∼p15;q23) in a child with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia following chemotherapy with DNA-topoisomerase II inhibitors for Langerhans cell histiocytosis

We report a new case of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia in a child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. This patient was previously treated with a protocol of multidrug chemotherapy, containing a relatively low dose of etoposide (total dose of 900/m2). Twenty-six months after the end of the therapy, the patient returned to the hospital with fever and anemia. The white blood cell count was 53×109/L. The bone marrow examination showed massive infiltration with French–American–British acute myeloid leukemia classification M4 blast cells. The patient did not respond to an intensive treatment with high dose ARA-C and idarubicin. He died 6 months later. The cytogenetic abnormality of the blast cells was a t(11;11)(p13∼p15;q23), that has not been described before in a secondary leukemia case.