BCR/ABL rearrangement in two cases of Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloid leukemia: deletion on the derivative chromosome 9 may or not be present

The BCR/ABL gene rearrangement is the causing factor in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In most cases, it is cytogenetically visualized as a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, known as the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation. About 5–10% of CML patients lack cytogenetic evidence of the Ph translocation but show BCR/ABL fusion by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Deletions around the breakpoints on the derivative 9 including ABL and or BCR sequences occur in 10–15% of Ph+ CML patients and are thought to have prognostic significance. We describe two patients with CML and normal karyotype in whom cryptic rearrangements involving chromosomes 9 and 22 resulted in the causative BCR/ABL gene. FISH with a three-color probe combination revealed BCR/ABL fusion on chromosome 9 without deletion in one patient; the other patient had BCR/ABL on chromosome 22 with an associated derivative 9 deletion. We discuss the proposed mechanisms in the formation of BCR/ABL in the setting of a normal karyotype. Some authors reported that patients with the chimeric gene located on the derivative 9 have a poor clinical course. We suggest that deletion rather than location of the chimeric gene alone is more likely to be associated with prognosis.