Behavior of Atherosclerotic Plaque Components After in Vitro Angioplasty and Atherectomy Studied by High Field MR Imaging

Aims: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we developed in vitro models to image the response of fatty, fibrous, and calcified plaques to in vitro models of angioplasty and atherectomy, and tested the resistance of collagenous cap and lipid core to radial compression. Methods and Results: We studied the effects of balloon compression on 10 fibrous plaques with a complete collagenous cap (group A), 6 fatty plaques without cap (group B), and 5 calcified plaques (group C). Atherectomy was performed on nine other fibrous lesions (group D). In group A, fibrous cap, lipid core, and plaque did not change after radial compression despite a decrease in luminal obstruction due to medial stretching. In group B, a reduction of plaque (−30%) and lipid core (−35%) were observed. Compression dissected calcified plaques at the shoulder level. In group D, atherectomy reduced collagenous cap by 54%, and plaque by 35%. Conclusions: In these models, MRI shows 1) the high resistance of collagenous caps to radial compression, 2) a stretching effect of compression on disease-free walls, enlarging lumen in case of fibrous plaque, but a reduction and redistribution of lipid cores in case of fatty plaques, 3) the rupture of calcified arteries at the plaque shoulder, and 4) the reduction of fibrous components by atherectomy but not by angioplasty. By characterizing plaque composition, MRI may allow a predictable response of atherosclerotic arteries to interventional procedures.