Saturation transfer ratio imaging in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast

A prospective study was performed to investigate the correlations between saturation transfer ratio (STR) and histologic parameters of invasive ductal carcinomas in human breast. The histologic parameters investigated were the extent of fibrosis in the intercellular matrix, dysplastic changes of nuclei, and mitotic index. Twenty-seven patients with breast carcinoma were examined using an off-resonance saturation pulse in conjunction with conventional field-echo T1-weighted imaging at frequency offsets of 448 Hz and 1200 Hz from water resonance. The values of STR at frequency offset of 1200 Hz (STR1200) increased from non-scirrhous carcinoma to scirrhous carcinoma. Although STR1200 showed correlation with the extent of fibrosis in the intercellular matrix (p < 0.01, n = 27), they did not correlate with the dysplastic changes of nuclei or mitotic index. On the other hand, the values of STR at frequency offset of 448 Hz (STR448) demonstrated close correlation to dysplastic changes of nuclei and mitotic index (p < 0.01, n = 27). STR1200 correlates with the structural characteristics and STR448 correlates with the nature of malignant cells with regard to nuclear dysplasia and mitotic potential.