Three-dimensional numerical simulations of susceptibility-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities in the human head

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the static magnetic field in the human head were carried out to assess the field inhomogeneity due to magnetic susceptibility differences at tissue interfaces. We used a finite difference method and magnetic permeability distributions obtained by segmentation of computed tomography images. Computations were carried out for four models, consisting of the head and the neck; the head, neck, and shoulders; the head, neck, and thorax; and the head tilted backwards, including the neck and the shoulders. Considerable magnetic field inhomogeneities were observed in the inferior frontal lobes and inferior temporal lobes, particularly near the sphenoid sinus and the temporal bones. Air/tissue interfaces at the shoulders were found to induce substantial magnetic field inhomogeneities in the occipital lobes and the cerebellum, whereas air/tissue interfaces in the lungs appeared to have less influence on the magnetic field in the brain. Tilting the head backwards could significantly reduce the field inhomogeneities superior to the planum sphenoidale as well as in the occipital lobes and the cerebellum.