One-pot synthesis of recyclable palladium catalysts for hydrogenations and carbon–carbon coupling reactions

Palladium nanoparticles were generated from tetrakis(triphenylphophine)palladium in a mixture of tetra(ethylene glycol) and tetramethoxysilane (or titanium(IV) isopropoxide), then encapsulated in silica matrix (or titania matrix) by the treatment with water. The resulting heterogeneous material showed high catalytic activity in the hydrogenations of various alkene and alkynes and in the carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions such as the Suzuki–Miyaura, the Sonogashira, the Heck–Mizoroki, and the Stille reactions.