T Helper Target Cell DNA Fragmentation through a CD4-Positive T Suppressor Cell Clone Inducing Specific Unresponsiveness

The CD4-positive bovine serum albumin (BSA)-specific Ts cell clone BvI/5 from a CBA/J mouse tolerized to low doses of BSA induces specific unresponsiveness in the T helper (Th) cell population. Tolerance induction can be measured in vitro in proliferation assays using specific Th cell clones or antigen-primed lymph node cells (LNC) and determined in vivo by the failure to produce hapten-specific antibodies. Using the BSA-specific Th cell clone 83/1 as a target one observes in addition 51Cr-release in a 16-hr long-term assay but finds no effect in a typical 6-hr T cell cytotoxicity test. BVI/5 Ts cells do not produce interleukin-2 but otherwise express a Th1 profile. The suppression of proliferation of 83/1 Th cells is partly due to interferon-γ (IFN-γ). But lysis of 83/1 Th cells as well as suppression of BSA-specific LNC proliferation needs direct cell contact between BVI/5 Ts cells and their targets. Cell lysis and suppression of LNC cannot be simulated by IFN-γ, by the combination of IFN-γ and TNF, or by BVI/5 supernatants. Thus mediators cannot account for specific suppression by BVI/5 Ts cells in polyclonal in vitro responses from LNC and are probably not responsible for the induction of in vivo unresponsiveness. Instead the data show that BVI/5 Ts cells induce apoptosis-like DNA fragmentation in cloned BSA-specific 83/1 Th cells and in LNC from BSA-primed mice. Apoptosis can also be visualized as chromatin condensation in the LNC population. Macrophages have been excluded as targets. It can further be demonstrated that BVI/5 Ts cells express perforin and granzyme A on activation. Thus they are equipped with the effector molecules for target cell destruction. We consider BVI/5 Ts cells to be representative of a regulatory T cell inducing specific unresponsiveness in peripheral lymphoid organs.