A recombinant vector expressing transgenes for four T-cell costimulatory molecules (OX40L, B7-1, ICAM-1, LFA-3) induces sustained CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, protection from apoptosis, and enhanced cytokine production

The role of OX40L on the activation of T cells was investigated using poxvirus vectors expressing OX40L alone or in combination with three other T-cell costimulatory molecules: B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3. Poxvirus vector-infected cells were used to stimulate naı̈ve or activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These studies demonstrate that (a) OX40L plays a role in sustaining the long-term proliferation of CD8+ T cells in addition to the known effect on CD4+ T cells following activation, (b) OX40L enhances the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) from both CD4+ and CD8+ while no change in IL-4 expression was observed, and (c) the anti-apoptotic effect of OX40L on T cells is likely the result of sustained expression of anti-apoptotic genes while genes involved in apoptosis are inhibited. In addition, these are the first studies to demonstrate that the combined use of a vector driving the expression of OX40L with three other costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3) both enhances initial activation and then further potentiates sustained activation of naı̈ve and effector T cells.