Disruption of membrane cholesterol stimulates MyD88-dependent NF-κB activation in immature B cells

Agents that extract or sequester membrane cholesterol stimulate IκB degradation and lead to NF-κB activation in a subset of B cells. Although the extraction of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin is the most potent stimulus of NF-κB, other agents that sequester cholesterol have similar effects. B cells and B cell lines with an immature phenotype are significantly more sensitive to the effects of cholesterol perturbation than their mature B cell counterparts. NF-κB activation does not involve signaling from the B cell receptor complex. Instead, the disruption of membrane cholesterol activates NF-κB through a MyD88-dependent pathway involving the pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 4. We suggest that lipid raft microdomains may serve not only to orchestrate receptor signaling, but to sequester signaling components one from one another, which serves to prevent receptor-mediated signaling from occurring. A role for this process during B cell development is suggested.