Parallel factor analysis of spider fluorophores

Fluorophores from the hemolymph of yellow sac spiders (Cheiracanthium mildei) have been characterized using excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. This approach provides characterization of fluorophores present in the organism without having to isolate pure samples. Minimal variation occurs between individual samples and each EEM has two distinct peaks, suggesting two fluorophores may be present in the hemolymph. Parallel factor analysis reveals that three fluorophores (with excitation and emission maxima at 270/319, 330/389, and 350/465 nm) best explains the sample to sample variation. By comparing the spectra of the three individual components to fluorophores found in scorpions it is shown that these spiders possess different fluorophores than scorpions. Furthermore, the fluorescence observed is not consistent with β-carboline or 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin, two compounds previously described in scorpions.