Predictive value of hemostatic factors for sudden death in patients with stable angina pectoris

To assess hemostatic risk factors for sudden death in patients with stable angina, 323 consecutive patients were recruited prospectively. Patients with clinical heart failure or recent myocardial infarction were excluded. The following clinical variables were recorded: age, gender, smoking habits, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and severe ventricular arrhythmia. Angiographic variables included coronary extent, assessed from Jenkinsʹ and mean atherosclerotic scores, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Lipid variables included total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A-I and B. Hemostatic factors included fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A, antithrombin III, factor VIII antigen, factor VIII coagulant, protein C, plasminogen, α2 antiplasmin, euglobulin clot lysis time, tissue plasminogen activator before and after venous occlusion, and plasminogen activator inhibitor. There were 34 deaths, 19 of which were sudden during the follow-up period (60 ± 17 months). The association between each variable and the risk of sudden death was assessed by calculating the relative risk with the Cox univariate model. All significant predictors from the univariate analysis were then incorporated in a Cox multivariate model to select the independent predictors of sudden death. The inderpendent predictors of sudden death were left ventricular hypertrophy (p <0.04), lower left ventricular election fraction (p <0.04), and shorter euglobulin clot lysis time after venous occlusion (p <0.02), whereas fibrinogen (p <0.07) and Jenkinsʹ score (p <0.08) were borderline. Determination of hemostatic variables, especially those pertaining to dynamic fibrinolysis, may thus be of value in assessing risk of sudden death.