Scavenging Energy in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Abstract - Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may be considered as the third wave of a revolution in wireless technology. They promise to have a significant beneficial impact on many aspects of our human existence. These benefits include more efficient utilisation of resources, better understanding of the behaviour of humans, natural and engineering systems, and increased safety and security. Pervasive computing also has some possible negative environmental impacts, particularly in physical waste and energy consumption. However, one barrier to their fuller adoption is the need to supply electrical power over extended periods of time without the need for dedicated wiring. Energy harvesting provides a potential solution to this problem in many applications. This paper reviews the characteristics and energy requirements of typical sensor network nodes, assesses a range of potential ambient energy sources, and outlines the characteristics of a wide range of energy conversion devices.