Photoelectron spectroscopy of surface states on semiconductor surfaces

Photoelectron spectroscopy is the main tool for investigations of the electronic structure of semiconductor surfaces. By the use of angle-resolved photoemission it has been possible to determine the complete surface state band structure for several surfaces. In this article a critical review of recent extensive studies of semiconductor surface states by photoelectron spectroscopy is given. The emphasis is on Si, Ge and GaAs surfaces, but other III–V as well as II–VI and IV–VI semiconductor surfaces are also discussed.