Electrocardiographic differentiation of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia mediated by concealed accessory pathway in children

The value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in children with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is unclear. The noninvasive differentiation of typical atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) mediated by concealed accessory pathway conduction is clinically important, as it helps in counseling and potentially facilitates ablation procedures. One hundred forty-eight ECGs showing narrow QRS complex SVT were obtained from children before successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. An initial 102 ECGs were analyzed by 3 blinded observers to assess the utility of various electrocardiographic findings. No electrocardiographic criteria were found to discriminate between SVT mechanisms on 1- to 3-channel Holter/event recorder tracings (n = 32); their interpretation mainly (55%) resulted in an incorrect SVT diagnosis. On 12-lead ECGs (n = 70), the 2 arrhythmias were accurately diagnosed in 76% of patients; 5 findings were found to be discriminators of tachycardia mechanism. Predictors of AVRT were visible P waves in 74% of cases (sensitivity 92%; specificity 64%), RP intervals of ≥100 ms in 91% (sensitivity 84%; specificity 91%), and ST-segment depression of ≥2 mm in 73% of cases (sensitivity 52%; specificity 82%). Pseudo r′ waves in lead V1 and pseudo S waves in the inferior leads during tachycardia predicted AVNRT in 100% of cases (sensitivity 55% and 20%, respectively; specificity 100% for both). Based on these results, we developed a new diagnostic 12-lead electrocardiographic algorithm for pseudo r′/S waves, RP duration, and ST-segment depression during tachycardia. Two observers tested the algorithm in 46 (21 AVNRT; 25 AVRT) additional cases; they correctly diagnosed the SVT mechanism in 91% and 87%, respectively. Thus, the stepwise use of diagnostically relevant 12-lead electrocardiographic parameters helps to more accurately differentiate mechanisms of reentrant SVT.