Usefulness of 64-Detector Row Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Intracoronary Stents in Symptomatic Patients With Suspected In-Stent Restenosis

To determine whether 64-slice multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography (MDCTA) can accurately assess the coronary artery lumen in symptomatic patients with previous coronary artery stents and potential in-stent restenosis (ISR). The primary aim was to determine the accuracy of binary ISR exclusion using MDCTA compared with invasive catheter angiography (ICA). Secondary aims were comparisons of stent dimensions measured using MDCTA and variables that affect accuracy. Forty patients with previous stent placement underwent both ICA and 64-slice MDCTA after elective presentation with chest pain, and ICA quantitative coronary angiographic data were used as the reference standard. Thirty-six men and 4 women (age 64 ± 10 years; range 44 to 83) with 103 stents (2.8 ± 1.6 stents/patient) were comparatively evaluated (stent exclusion rate 9.6%). There were 45 bare-metal and 58 drug-eluting stents (20 ± 18 months after implantation) with an average diameter of 3.23 ± 0.7 mm. Overall accuracy for the detection of significant ISR showed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 85%, 86%, 61%, and 96% for proximal stents ≥3 mm, which improved to 100%, 94%, 81%, and 100%; if the visible luminal diameter on MDCTA was <1.5 mm, accuracy decreased to 40%, 84%, 29%, and 90%, respectively. In conclusion, 64-slice MDCTA assessment of symptomatic patients with suspected clinically significant ISR is a realistic alternative to ICA if reference stent diameter is ≥2.5 mm and visible lumen cross-sectional diameter is ≥1.5 mm, for which a negative MDCTA result virtually excludes the presence of significant ISR.