Impact of Family Hypertension History on Exercise-Induced Cardiac Remodeling

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a well-established, but highly variable, finding among exercise-trained persons. The causes for the variability in LV remodeling in response to exercise training remain incompletely understood. The present study sought to determine whether a family history of hypertension is a determinant of the cardiac response to exercise training. The cardiac parameters in 60 collegiate rowers (30 men/30 women; age 19.8 ± 1.1 years) with (family history positive [FH+], n = 22) and without (family history negative [FH−], n = 38) a FH of hypertension were studied with echocardiography before and after 90 days of rowing training. The LV mass increased significantly in both groups. However, the LV mass increased significantly more in FH− persons (Δ 17 ± 5 g/m2) than in FH+ persons (Δ 9 ± 6 g/m2, p <0.001) with distinctly differently patterns of LV hypertrophy between the 2 groups. FH− athletes experienced eccentric LV hypertrophy (relative wall thickness index 0.39 ± 0.4) characterized by LV dilation. In contrast, FH+ athletes developed concentric LV hypertrophy (relative wall thickness index 0.44 ± 0.3; p <0.001) characterized by LV wall thickening. Furthermore, the eccentric LV remodeling in FH− athletes was associated with a more robust enhancement of LV diastolic function than the concentric LV remodeling that occurred in FH+ athletes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that patterns of exercise-induced LV remodeling are strongly associated with FH history status.