Comparison of Prognostic Value of Tissue Doppler Imaging in Carcinoid Heart Disease Versus the Value in Patients With the Carcinoid Syndrome but Without Carcinoid Heart Disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in carcinoid heart disease (CHD). We prospectively enrolled 56 consecutive patients with proved digestive endocrine tumor and carcinoid syndrome. All patients underwent serial conventional, contrast, and TDI echocardiographic studies. The end point was all-cause mortality. Mean follow-up was 34 ± 21 months. At the end of follow-up, 30 patients (54%) presented right CHD and 13 patients (23%) left CHD. A progression of CHD was documented in 23 patients (41%). Twenty-two patients (39%) died during follow-up. According to mortality receiver operating characteristic curves, ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E/e′ ratio) associated with an optimal sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 90% was 8. Mortality rate was significantly higher when the E/e′ ratio was ≥8 (94% vs 10% when E/e′ ratio was <8, p <0.0001). Using univariate analysis, the following factors were associated with death: left-sided CHD (p = 0.07) and E/e′ ratio ≥8 (p <0.0001). The only independent marker of death detected by multivariate analysis was an E/e′ ratio ≥8 (odds ratio 6.2, 95% confidence interval 1.95 to 19.7, p = 0.002). In conclusion, TDI used during routine transthoracic echocardiography can be helpful to identify high-risk patients with CHD.