Usefulness of Contrast Echocardiography for Predicting the Severity of Angiographic Coronary Disease in Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Guidelines recommend coronary angiography in patients with non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) within 24 to 72 hours, a requirement that cannot always be met. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of contrast echocardiography in prioritizing these patients by identifying those with NSTEMI and angiographically severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Echocardiography was performed before coronary angiography in 110 patients with NSTEMI (67 ± 12 years old, 31% women). Segmental myocardial perfusion and wall motion was scored using a 17-segment left ventricular model. CAD was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. In the total study population, median troponin T level was 0.27 μg/L (0.13 to 0.86) and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction risk score 3.1 ± 1.5. By quantitative coronary angiography 15% had normal coronary angiographic findings, whereas 1-, 2-, and 3-vessel disease were present in 35%, 27%, and 23%, respectively. Severe CAD (left main stem stenosis, 3-vessel disease, or multivessel disease including proximal stenosis in left anterior descending artery) was found in 42%. Number of segments with hypoperfusion increased with CAD severity from 4.1 ± 2.0 in patients with normal coronary arteries to 5.9 ± 2.4, 7.8 ± 3.5, and 10.4 ± 2.8 in patients with 1-, 2-, and 3-vessel disease, respectively (p <0.01). In multiple logistic regression analysis risk of severe CAD increased by 39% for every additional hypoperfused segment by echocardiography independent of wall motion abnormalities and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction risk score. In conclusion, contrast echocardiography may be used for prediction of angiographic CAD severity in patients with NSTEMI awaiting coronary angiography.